Economics 經濟學

Broad Learning Objectives

總體學習目標

The major concepts and variables that underpin macroeconomic analyses should be known and understood. The IS-LM model features in the syllabus and should be well understood due to its linking of the real and financial markets. Important macroeconomic phenomena such as economic output, inflation, growth, labour markets, monetary policy and business cycles should be all assessable in some detail, together with their various interrelationships. Knowledge of international macroeconomic material should be developed via the coverage of foreign exchange rates, interest rates and prices etc. and applications of this material to practical settings achievable. To facilitate a broad economic perspective and understanding, a number of the important macroeconomic issues are assessed within a simple economic modelling framework.

要知道和理解構成宏觀經濟基礎的主要概念和變量。因IS-LM模型連接金融市場和實體經濟，所以對在大綱中占有重要位置的IS-LM模型應深刻理解。能夠較詳細地分析重要的宏觀經濟現象如經濟產出、通貨膨脹、經濟增長、勞動力市場、貨幣政策和商業周期，以及他們之間多樣的相互關系。通過匯率、利率和價格，以及宏觀經濟資料在現實環境中的應用，加強對宏觀經濟的了解。同時為便于形成廣泛的經濟視角及深刻的理解層次，一些重要的宏觀經濟問題應在簡單的經濟模型框架內進行評估。

1 Concepts, Major Macroeconomic Variables and the IS-LM Model

1 宏觀經濟學主要概念和變量以及IS-LM模型

1.1 Major macroeconomic concepts and variables

1.1.1 National income accounting: GDP and GNP

1.1.2 Inflation

1.1.3 Interest rates

1.1 宏觀經濟學主要概念和變量

1.1.1 國民收入核算：GDP和GNP

1.1.2 通貨膨脹

1.1.3 利率

1.2 The basic model of the real market in a closed economy

1.2.1 The determination of demand

1.2.2 Equilibrium in the real market: the IS relation

1.2 封閉經濟中實體市場的基本模型

1.2.1 需求決定

1.2.2 實體市場均衡：IS關系

1.3 The basic model of the financial market in a closed economy

1.3.1 The demand for money

1.3.2 Equilibrium in the money market: the LM relation

1.3 封閉經濟中金融市場的基本模型

1.3.1 貨幣需求

1.3.2 貨幣市場均衡：LM關系

1.4 The IS-LM model

1.4.1 Equilibrium in the real and financial markets

1.4.2 The effects of fiscal policy in a closed economy

1.4.3 The effects of monetary policy in a closed economy

1.4.4 Expected inflation and the IS-LM model

1.4 IS-LM模型

1.4.1 實體市場與金融市場均衡

1.4.2 封閉經濟中財政政策的效果

1.4.3 封閉經濟中貨幣政策的效果

1.4.4 預期通貨膨脹率和IS-LM模型

2 Economic Output and the Labour Market

2 經濟產出和勞動力市場

2.1 Production

2.1 產出

2.2 The labour market

2.2 勞動力市場

2.3 General equilibrium in the real, financial and labour markets

2.3.1 Aggregate supply

2.3.2 Aggregate demand

2.3.3 Equilibrium output in the short and the medium run

2.3.4 The dynamic effects of fiscal policy

2.3.5 The dynamic effects of monetary policy

2.3 實體市場、金融市場和勞動力市場的一般均衡

2.3.1 總供給

2.3.2 總需求

2.3.3 短期產出和中期產出均衡

2.3.4 財政政策的動態效應

2.3.5 貨幣政策的動態效應

2.4 Monitoring the economy in the real world

2.4.1 Potential output, definition and estimation

2.4 監控現實世界中的經濟運行

2.4.1 潛在產出、定義和估計

3 The Link between Inflation and Unemployment, Economic Growth and Business Cycles

3 通貨膨脹率和失業率、經濟增長和經濟周期的關系

3.1 Inflation versus unemployment: the great trade-off?

3.1.1 Unemployment and inflation: the Phillips curve

3.1.2 The modern version of the Phillips curve

3.1 通貨膨脹率與失業率：偉大的權衡?

3.1.1 失業率和通貨膨脹率：菲利普斯曲線

3.1.2 菲利普斯曲線的新發展

3.2 Economic growth

3.2.1 Growth accounting

3.2.2 Capital accumulation and economic growth

3.2.3 Technological progress and economic growth

3.2 經濟增長

3.2.1 增長的核算

3.2.2 資本積累和經濟增長

3.2.3 技術進步和經濟增長

3.3 Business cycles

3.3.1 The basics

3.3.2 The classical approach: theory of exogenous business cycles

3.3.3 The Keynesian approach: theory of endogenous business cycles

3.3.4 Fiscal policy, monetary policy and the business cycle

3.3 經濟周期

3.3.1 基礎知識

3.3.2 古典模式：外生性經濟周期理論

3.3.3 凱恩斯模式：內生性經濟周期理論

3.3.4 財政政策、貨幣政策與經濟周期

3.4 Monitoring the economy in the real world

3.4.1 Business cycle: activity

3.4.2 Business cycle: inflation

3.4 監控現實世界中的經濟運行

3.4.1 經濟周期：經濟活動

3.4.2 經濟周期：通貨膨脹

4 Balance of Payments, Exchange Rates, Prices and Interest Rates

4 國際收支、匯率、價格和利率

4.1 The balance of payments

4.1.1 The accounting system

4.1.2 Domestic savings and the current account balance

4.1 國際收支

4.1.1 核算系統

4.1.2 國內儲蓄和經常項目收支

4.2 The exchange rate

4.2.1 Nominal and real exchange rate

4.2.2 Exchange rate regimes

4.2 匯率

4.2.1 名義匯率和實際匯率

4.2.2 匯率制度

4.3 Exchange rate, prices and interest rates

4.3.1 Purchasing power parity

4.3.2 Covered interest rate parity

4.3.3 Uncovered interest rate parity

4.3 匯率、價格和利率

4.3.1 購買力平價

4.3.2 有套期保值的利率平價理論

4.3.3 無套期保值的利率平價理論

5 Economic Issues Explained with a Simple Model

5 使用簡單模型解釋經濟問題

5.1 The basic model of the real and financial markets in an open economy

5.1.1 The determination of demand in the real market

5.1.2 Equilibrium in the real market: the IS relation in the open economy

5.1.3 Equilibrium in the financial market: the LM relation in the open economy

5.1.4 Equilibrium in an open economy: the Mundell-Fleming model

5.1.5 The effects of policy in an open economy

5.1.6 Aggregate supply and demand in the open economy

5.1 開放經濟條件下實體市場和金融市場基本模型

5.1.1 實體市場需求決定

5.1.2 實體市場均衡：開放經濟中IS曲線

5.1.3 金融市場均衡：開放經濟中LM曲線

5.1.4 開放經濟條件下一般均衡：蒙代爾-弗萊明模型

5.1.5 開放經濟條件下政策效應

5.1.6 開放經濟條件下總供給和總需求

5.2 Theories of exchange rate determination

5.2.1 Balance of payments approach

5.2.2 The asset approach

5.2.3 Exchange rate determination: empirical evidence

5.2 匯率決定理論

5.2.1 國際收支法

5.2.2 資產法

5.2.3 匯率決定：實證檢驗

5.3 Statistical behaviour of the exchange rate

5.3 匯率的統計特性

6 Monetary Policy

6 貨幣政策

6.1 Basic concepts of monetary theory

6.1.1 The definition of money

6.1.2 Money supply and the money multiplier

6.1 貨幣理論基本概念

6.1.1 貨幣定義

6.1.2 貨幣供給與貨幣乘數

6.2 Monetary policy

6.2.1 The implementation process of monetary policy

6.2.2 The instruments of monetary policy

6.2 貨幣政策

6.2.1 貨幣政策實施過程

6.2.2 貨幣政策工具

6.3 The transmission mechanism of monetary policy on the real economy

6.3.1 Interest rate channel

6.3.2 Credit channel

6.3.3 Exchange rate channel

6.3 貨幣政策對實體經濟的傳導機制

6.3.1 利率渠道

6.3.2 信貸渠道

6.3.3 匯率渠道

6.4 Central bank operations in major countries

6.4 一些主要國家的中央銀行操作